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Saint Ansgar's Lutheran Church |
The Augsburg Confession
The following table was taken from the Wikipedia article on the subject, which can be consulted at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg_Confession, where you will find keyword linked to other annotations. This represents the state of Lutheran beliefs in 1530. Some modificiation in understanding and doctrine may have been made by the Lutheran Churches since then.
The Augsburg Confession consists of 28 articles presented by Lutheran princes and representatives of "free cities" at the Diet of Augsburg that set forward what the Lutherans believed, taught and confessed in positive (theses) and negative (antitheses) statements. The theses are 21 Chief Articles of Faith describing the normative principles of Christian faith held by the Lutherans; the antitheses are seven statements describing what they viewed as abuses of the Christian faith present in the Roman church.
| Article | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| I | God | Lutherans believe in the Triune God and reject other interpretations regarding the nature of God. |
| II | Original Sin | Lutherans believe that the nature of man is sinful, described as being without fear of God, without trust of God and with concupiscence. Sin is redeemed through Baptism the resurrection of Jesus Christ. |
| III | The Son of God | Lutherans believe in the incarnation, that is, the union of the fully human with the fully divine in the person of Jesus. Jesus Christ alone brings about the reconciliation of humanity with God. |
| IV | Justification By Faith | Man cannot be justified before God through our own abilities; we are wholly reliant on Jesus Christ for reconciliation with God. (This is often described as the one article by which the "Lutheran church stands or falls".) |
| V | The Office of Preaching | Lutherans believe that to ensure that the gospel of Jesus Christ is proclaimed throughout the world, Christ has established His office of the holy ministry. |
| VI | Of The New Obedience | Lutherans believe that good deeds of Christians are the fruits of faith and salvation, not a price paid for them. |
| VII | Of The Church | Lutherans believe that there is one holy catholic church, and it is found wherever the gospel is preached in its truth and purity and the sacraments are administered according to the gospel. |
| VIII | What The Church Is | Despite what hypocrisy may exist in the church (and among men), the Word and the Sacraments are always valid because they are instituted by Christ, no matter what the sins may be of the one who administers them. |
| IX | Of Baptism | Lutherans believe that Baptism is necessary, and that through Baptism is offered the grace of God. Children are baptized as an offering to them of God's grace. |
| X | Of the Lord's Supper | Lutherans believe that Christ's body and blood is truly present in, with, and under the bread and wine of the sacrament and reject those that teach otherwise. |
| XI | Of Confession | Lutherans believe that private absolution should remain in the church, though a believer does not need to enumerate all of his sins as it is impossible for a man to enumerate all of the sins for which he should be forgiven. |
| XII | Of Repentance | Repentance comes in two parts: in contrition for sins committed according to the Law and through faith offered through the Gospel. A believer can never be free from sin, nor live outside of the grace of God. |
| XIII | Of the Use of the Sacraments | The Sacraments (Baptism and the Eucharist) are physical manifestations of God's Word and His commitment to us. The Sacraments are never just physical elements, but have God's word and promises bound to them. |
| XIV | Of Ecclesiastical Order | Lutherans only allow those who are "rightly called" to administer the Sacraments. |
| XV | Of Ecclesiastical Usages | Lutherans believe that church holidays, calendars and festivals are useful for religious observance, but that observance and ritual is not necessary for salvation. Human traditions (such as observances, fasts, distinctions in eating meats) that are taught as a way to "merit" grace work in opposition to the Gospel. |
| XVI | Of Civil Affairs | Secular governments and vocations are considered to be part of God's natural orders; Christians are free to serve in government and the military and to engage in the business and vocations of the world. Laws are to be followed unless they are commandments to sin. |
| XVII | Of Christ's Return to Judgment | Lutherans believe that Christ will return to raise the dead and judge the world; the godly will be given everlasting joy, and the ungodly will be "tormented without end". This article rejects notions of a millennial kingdom before the resurrection of the dead. |
| XVIII | Of Free Will | Lutherans believe that we have free will in the realm of "civil righteousness" (or "things subject to reason"), but that we do not have free will in "spiritual righteousness". In other words, we are free to choose and act in every regard except for the choice of salvation. Faith is not the work of men, but of the Holy Spirit. |
| XIX | Of the Cause of Sin | Lutherans believe that sin is caused not by God but by "the will of the wicked", turning away from God. |
| XX | Of Good Works | The Lutheran notion of justification by faith does not somehow condemn good works; faith causes them to do good works as a sign of our justification (or salvation), not a requirement for salvation. |
| XXI | Of the Worship of the Saints | Lutherans keep the saints, not as saviors or intercessors to God, but rather as examples and inspirations to our own faith and life. |
Abuses corrected
| Article | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| XXII | Of Both Kinds In The Sacrament (Eucharist) | It is proper to offer communicants the consecrated bread and wine, not just the bread. |
| XXIII | Of the Marriage of Priests | Lutherans permit their clergy to enter the institution of marriage, for the reasons that the early Church bishops were married, that God blesses marriage as an order of creation, and because marriage and procreation is the natural outlet for human sexual desire. |
| XXIV | Of the Mass | Lutherans retain the practice of the Mass, but only as a public gathering for the purposes of community worship and the receiving of the Eucharist. Lutherans reject the practice of using the Mass as a "work" for both salvation and worldly (monetary) gain. |
| XXV | Of Confession | Lutherans uphold the need for confession and absolution, but reject the notion that Confession should induce guilt or anxiety to the Christian. Absolution is offered for all sin, not just sins that can be recounted in a confession, as it is impossible for a man to know all of his transgressions. |
| XXVI | Of the Distinction of Meats | Human traditions that hold fasting and special observances with dietary restrictions as a means of gaining the favor of God are contrary to the gospel. While fasting and other practices are useful spiritual practices, they do not justify man nor offer salvation. |
| XXVII | Of Monastic Vows | Man cannot achieve purity in community or isolation from the rest of the world, and perfection cannot be attained by any vow taken or actions of man alone. |
| XXVIII | Of Ecclesiastical Power | The only power given to priests or bishops is the power offered through Scripture to preach, teach and administer the sacraments. The powers given to the clergy in issues of government or the military are granted and respected only through civil means; they are not civil rulers of governments and the military by divine right. |